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distinctive note

  • 1 отличительный

    1. definitive
    2. differential
    3. discriminant
    4. discriminating
    5. distinguishing
    6. distinctive

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > отличительный

  • 2 отличительная нота

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > отличительная нота

  • 3 Profil

    n; -s, -e
    1. profile; TECH. auch section; von Reifen, in der Sohle: tread; im Profil in profile; ein markantes Profil a distinctive profile; der Reifen hat kaum noch Profil the tyre (Am. tire) has hardly any tread ( oder is almost bald)
    2. fig. profile; einer Person: personality; ein unverwechselbares Profil a distinctive identity ( oder image); kein Profil haben Person: have no personality; Sache: have no identity ( oder profile); die Partei etc. bemüht sich um ein klares Profil the party etc. is trying to acquire a distinctive identity ( oder image)
    * * *
    das Profil
    profile
    * * *
    Pro|fil [pro'fiːl]
    nt -s, -e
    1) (von Gesicht) profile; (ARCHIT) elevation; (fig = Ansehen) image

    im Profíl — in profile

    Profíl haben or besitzen (fig) — to have a (distinctive or personal) image

    die Partei hat in den letzten Jahren mehr Profíl bekommen — over the last few years the party has sharpened its image

    dadurch hat er an Profíl gewonnen/verloren — that improved/damaged his image

    psychisches Profíl — state of mind

    3) (= Querschnitt) cross section; (= Längsschnitt) vertical section; (GEOG) (vertical) section; (AVIAT) wing section; (fig = Skizze) profile

    im Profíl — in section

    * * *
    das
    1) (the view of a face, head etc from the side; a side view: She has a beautiful profile.) profile
    2) (the grooved and patterned surface of a tyre: The tread has been worn away.) tread
    * * *
    Pro·fil
    <-s, -e>
    [proˈfi:l]
    nt
    1. (Einkerbungen zur besseren Haftung) Reifen, Schuhsohlen tread
    2. (seitliche Ansicht) profile
    jdn im \Profil fotografieren to photograph sb in profile
    3. (geh: Ausstrahlung) image
    \Profil haben [o besitzen (geh)] to have an image [or a distinctive [or personal] image]
    an \Profil gewinnen to improve one's image
    die Polizei konnte ein ziemlich gutes \Profil des Täters erstellen the police were able to give a fairly accurate profile of the criminal
    \Profil zeigen to take a stand
    * * *
    das; Profils, Profile
    1) (Seitenansicht) profile
    2) (von Reifen, Schuhsohlen) tread
    •• Cultural note:
    An Austrian news and current affairs magazine, with a circulation of over 100,000. It has a reputation for hard-hitting journalism
    * * *
    Profil n; -s, -e
    1. profile; TECH auch section; von Reifen, in der Sohle: tread;
    im Profil in profile;
    ein markantes Profil a distinctive profile;
    der Reifen hat kaum noch Profil the tyre (US tire) has hardly any tread ( oder is almost bald)
    2. fig profile; einer Person: personality;
    ein unverwechselbares Profil a distinctive identity ( oder image);
    kein Profil haben Person: have no personality; Sache: have no identity ( oder profile);
    bemüht sich um ein klares Profil the party etc is trying to acquire a distinctive identity ( oder image)
    * * *
    das; Profils, Profile
    1) (Seitenansicht) profile
    2) (von Reifen, Schuhsohlen) tread
    •• Cultural note:
    An Austrian news and current affairs magazine, with a circulation of over 100,000. It has a reputation for hard-hitting journalism
    * * *
    -e (Reifen) n.
    tread (tyres) n. -e n.
    outline n.
    profile n.
    section n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Profil

  • 4 Semana Santa

    f.
    Holy Week, Great Week, Easter week, Passion Week.
    * * *
    Easter, Holy Week
    * * *
    Holy Week; fuimos a Escocia en Semana Santa we went to Scotland at Easter
    •• Cultural note:
    The most famous celebrations of Holy Week in the Spanish-speaking world are held in Seville. Lay brotherhoods, cofradías, process through the city in huge parades between Palm Sunday and Easter Sunday. Costaleros bear the pasos, huge floats carrying religious figures made of painted wood. Others, nazarenos (Nazarenes) and penitentes (penitents) walk alongside the pasos, in their distinctive costumes. During the processions they sing saetas, flamenco verses mourning Christ's passion. The Seville celebrations date back to the sixteenth century
    * * *
    (n.) = Holy Week, Easter week, Passion week
    Ex. The writers offer reflections on the revised common lectionary covering most of Lent, Holy Week, and several weeks after Easter.
    Ex. During Easter week, 1971, Cincinnati will be the hostess of the 50th anniversary convention of the Catholic Library Association.
    Ex. The religious significance attached to the bullfight, flamenco & Passion Week celebrations in Andalusia, Spain, is examined.
    * * *
    Holy Week; fuimos a Escocia en Semana Santa we went to Scotland at Easter
    •• Cultural note:
    The most famous celebrations of Holy Week in the Spanish-speaking world are held in Seville. Lay brotherhoods, cofradías, process through the city in huge parades between Palm Sunday and Easter Sunday. Costaleros bear the pasos, huge floats carrying religious figures made of painted wood. Others, nazarenos (Nazarenes) and penitentes (penitents) walk alongside the pasos, in their distinctive costumes. During the processions they sing saetas, flamenco verses mourning Christ's passion. The Seville celebrations date back to the sixteenth century
    * * *
    (n.) = Holy Week, Easter week, Passion week

    Ex: The writers offer reflections on the revised common lectionary covering most of Lent, Holy Week, and several weeks after Easter.

    Ex: During Easter week, 1971, Cincinnati will be the hostess of the 50th anniversary convention of the Catholic Library Association.
    Ex: The religious significance attached to the bullfight, flamenco & Passion Week celebrations in Andalusia, Spain, is examined.

    * * *
    The most famous celebrations of Holy Week in the Spanish-speaking world are held in Seville. Lay brotherhoods, cofradías, process through the city in huge parades between Palm Sunday and Easter Sunday. Costaleros bear the pasos, huge floats carrying religious figures made of painted wood. Others, nazarenos (Nazarenes) and penitentes (penitents) walk alongside the pasos, in their distinctive costumes. During the processions they sing saetas, flamenco verses mourning Christ's passion. The Seville celebrations date back to the sixteenth century.
    * * *
    Holy Week, Easter
    * * *
    Semana Santa n Easter

    Spanish-English dictionary > Semana Santa

  • 5 Guardia Civil

    f. & m.
    civil guard.
    * * *
    Civil Guard
    * * *
    femenino Civil Guard
    •• Cultural note:
    A rural paramilitary police force founded in Spain in 1844. It has been used by different governments to fight against organized labor, republicanism, and regional autonomy, and came to be seen as an instrument of state repression. The Civil Guard has adapted to the new democratic Spain and is involved in anti-terrrorist operations, the coastguard service and environmental protection. Civil guards are armed and traditionally have had a distinctive uniform, including the tricornio, a black patent leather, three-cornered hat. In an effort to change its image, the tricornio is now worn only on ceremonial occasions or in front of official buildings
    * * *
    femenino Civil Guard
    •• Cultural note:
    A rural paramilitary police force founded in Spain in 1844. It has been used by different governments to fight against organized labor, republicanism, and regional autonomy, and came to be seen as an instrument of state repression. The Civil Guard has adapted to the new democratic Spain and is involved in anti-terrrorist operations, the coastguard service and environmental protection. Civil guards are armed and traditionally have had a distinctive uniform, including the tricornio, a black patent leather, three-cornered hat. In an effort to change its image, the tricornio is now worn only on ceremonial occasions or in front of official buildings
    * * *
    A rural paramilitary police force founded in Spain in 1844. It has been used by different governments to fight against organized labor, republicanism, and regional autonomy, and came to be seen as an instrument of state repression.
    The Civil Guard has adapted to the new democratic Spain and is involved in anti-terrrorist operations, the coastguard service and environmental protection.
    Civil guards are armed and traditionally have had a distinctive uniform, including the tricornio, a black patent leather, three-cornered hat. In an effort to change its image, the tricornio is now worn only on ceremonial occasions or in front of official buildings.
    * * *
    Esp
    civil guard

    Spanish-English dictionary > Guardia Civil

  • 6 nota

    f note
    finance bill
    degno di nota noteworthy
    nota spese expense account
    prendere nota di qualcosa make a note of something
    situazione, comportamento take note of something
    * * *
    nota s.f.
    1 ( segno, caratteristica) sign, mark: note caratteristiche, characteristic signs; la sua nota caratteristica è l'ordine, his distinctive feature is his love of order; nota d'infamia, mark of infamy
    2 ( appunto) note; memorandum*, memo: quaderno per note, notebook; parlava aiutandosi con delle note, he spoke from notes; una nota di biasimo, a reproachful note; una nota ( di demerito) sul registro, a black mark; scrivere una nota di ringraziamento, to write a note of thanks; prendere nota, to take note: prendi nota del mio indirizzo, make a note of my address; prendere delle note su qlco., to make (o to take) notes on sthg.; (comm.) abbiamo preso nota, we have duly noted; (comm.) prender nota di un ordine, to book an order // nota diplomatica, diplomatic note // (dir.) nota a sentenza, comment to a court decision // degno di nota, noteworthy: un fatto degno di nota, a noteworthy fact
    3 (mus.) note: le sette note musicali, the seven notes of the scale; tenere, sostenere una nota, to hold a note // le dolenti note, doleful notes: ora incominciano le dolenti note, now the trouble starts // glielo ha cantato a chiare note, he told her plainly // vi era una nota di orgoglio nella sua voce, there was a note of pride in his voice // mettere una nota allegra, triste, to bring a happy, sad note // portare una nota di allegria, to introduce a cheerful note // trovare la nota giusta, to strike the right note
    4 ( commento) note: nota a pié di pagina, footnote; nota critica, critical note; nota marginale, marginal note; note introduttive, introductory note; nota del redattore (n.d.r.), editor's note; nota del traduttore (n.d.t.), translator's note
    5 ( conto) bill: la nota dell'albergo, the hotel bill // (dir.) nota di spese giudiziarie, bill of costs
    6 ( lista) list: la nota dei libri, the book list; la nota della spesa, the shopping list; fare una nota, to make a list // (comm.): nota di consegna, delivery note; nota di acquisto, bought note; nota di spedizione, waybill (o consignote); nota di vendita, sold note; nota spese, expense account; nota di pegno, warrant (o warehouse warrant o warrant for goods) // (mar.) nota d'imbarco, shipping note // ( assicurazioni) nota di copertura, cover note // (banca) nota di accreditamento, credit note.
    * * *
    ['nɔta]
    sostantivo femminile
    1) (appunto) note

    prendere nota di qcs. — to take note of sth., to note sth. down

    prendere mentalmente nota di qcs. — to make a mental note of sth.

    degno di nota — fig. of note, noteworthy

    2) (breve annotazione) note; (commento) note, comment
    4) mus. note

    nota stonata — false note; fig. jarring note

    5) scol. reprimand note
    6) (elenco) list

    mettere qcs. in nota — to put sth. on a list

    7) (conto) bill, check AE
    8) (sfumatura) note
    •
    ••

    dire qcs. a chiare -e — to say sth. bluntly o frankly

    * * *
    nota
    /'nɔta/
    sostantivo f.
     1 (appunto) note; prendere nota di qcs. to take note of sth., to note sth. down; prendere mentalmente nota di qcs. to make a mental note of sth.; degno di nota fig. of note, noteworthy
     2 (breve annotazione) note; (commento) note, comment; nota a piè di pagina footnote
     3 (comunicazione scritta) note; nota ufficiale official note
     4 mus. note; nota stonata false note; fig. jarring note
     5 scol. reprimand note
     6 (elenco) list; nota della spesa shopping list; mettere qcs. in nota to put sth. on a list
     7 (conto) bill, check AE
     8 (sfumatura) note; una nota triste a note of sadness
    dire qcs. a chiare -e to say sth. bluntly o frankly; le dolenti -e the bad news
    \
    nota di accredito credit note; nota di addebito debit note; nota di biasimo reprimand; nota dell'editore publisher's note; nota spese expense account.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > nota

  • 7 comunidad

    f.
    1 community (grupo).
    comunidad de propietarios o de vecinos residents' association
    la comunidad científica/internacional the scientific/international community
    comunidad Andina Andean Community
    comunidad autónoma (politics) autonomous region, = largest administrative division in Spain, with its own Parliament and a number of devolved powers
    2 communion (cualidad de común) (de ideas, bienes).
    * * *
    1 community
    \
    en comunidad together
    comunidad autónoma autonomous region
    comunidad de propietarios owners' association
    Comunidad Económica Europea European Economic Community
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [gen] community; (=sociedad) society, association; (Rel) community; And commune ( of free Indians)

    de o en comunidad — (Jur) jointly

    comunidad autónoma — Esp autonomous region

    2) (=pago) [de piso] service charge, charge for communal services
    COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA In Spain the comunidades autónomas are any of the 19 administrative regions consisting of one or more provinces and having political powers devolved from Madrid, as stipulated by the 1978 Constitution. They have their own democratically elected parliaments, form their own cabinets and legislate and execute policies in certain areas such as housing, infrastructure, health and education, though Madrid still retains jurisdiction for all matters affecting the country as a whole, such as defence, foreign affairs and justice. The Comunidades Autónomas are: Andalucía, Aragón, Asturias, Islas Baleares, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Cataluña, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, País Vasco, La Rioja, Comunidad Valenciana, Ceuta and Melilla. The term Comunidades Históricas refers to Galicia, Catalonia and the Basque Country, which for reasons of history and language consider themselves to some extent separate from the rest of Spain. They were given a measure of independence by the Second Republic (1931-1936), only to have it revoked by Franco in 1939. With the transition to democracy, these groups were the most vociferous and successful in their demand for home rule, partly because they already had experience of federalism and had established a precedent with autonomous institutions like the Catalan Generalitat.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( sociedad) community
    b) ( grupo delimitado) community
    c) (Relig) community
    d) ( asociación) association
    2) ( coincidencia) community

    comunidad de ideales/objetivos — community of ideals/objectives

    •• Cultural note:
    In 1978 power in Spain was decentralized and the country was divided into comunidades autónomas or autonomías (autonomous regions). The new communities have far greater autonomy from central government than the old regiones and were a response to nationalist aspirations, which had built up under Franco. Some regions have more autonomy than others. The Basque Country, Catalonia, and Galicia, for example, had political structures, a desire for independence and their own languages which underpinned their claims to distinctive identities. Andalusia gained almost complete autonomy without having had a nationalist tradition. Other regions, such as Madrid, are to some extent artificial, having been created largely to complete the process. The comunidades autónomas are: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, the Basque Country (Euskadi), Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencia and the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
    * * *
    Ex. Language of documents and data bases will need to be tailored to each community.
    ----
    * asociación de la comunidad = community group.
    * biblioteca de la comunidad = community library.
    * bibliotecario encargado de los servicios dirigidos a la comunidad = community services librarian.
    * Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas (CEC) = Commission of the European Communities (CEC).
    * comunidad académica = academic community, learning community.
    * comunidad académica de investigadores = academic research community.
    * comunidad agrícola = farming community.
    * comunidad a la que se sirve = service area.
    * comunidad autónoma = autonomous region.
    * comunidad bancaria, la = banking community, the.
    * comunidad bibliotecaria, la = library community, the, librarianship community, the.
    * Comunidad Británica de Naciones, la = Commonwealth, the.
    * comunidad científica = knowledge community.
    * comunidad científica, la = scientific community, the, scholarly community, the, research community, the, scientific research community, the.
    * comunidad conectada electrónicamente = online community.
    * comunidad de bibliotecarios y documentalistas, la = library and information community, the.
    * comunidad de educadores, la = education community, the.
    * comunidad de lectores = reader community.
    * comunidad de naciones = comity of nations, commonwealth.
    * comunidad de pescadores = fishing community.
    * comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice, community of practice, community of practice.
    * comunidad de proveedores = vendor community.
    * comunidad de proveedores, la = vending community, the.
    * comunidad de usuarios = constituency, user community.
    * comunidad de vecinos = housing association.
    * comunidad dispersa = scattered community.
    * Comunidad Económica Europea (CEE) = European Economic Community (EEC).
    * comunidad editorial, la = publishing community, the.
    * comunidad electrónica = online community.
    * comunidad empresarial, la = business community, the.
    * Comunidad Europea (CE) = EC (European Community).
    * Comunidad Europea de la Energía Atómica (Euratom/EAEC) = European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom/EAEC).
    * Comunidad Europea del Carbón y el Acero (CECA) = European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
    * comunidad internacional, la = international community, the.
    * comunidad laboral = working community.
    * comunidad lingüística = language community, linguistic community.
    * comunidad local = local community.
    * comunidad marginada = deprived community.
    * comunidad marginal = disadvantaged community.
    * comunidad mundial, la = world community, the.
    * comunidad pluralista = pluralistic community.
    * comunidad religiosa = religious community.
    * comunidad rural = rural community.
    * comunidad urbana = urban community.
    * de la propia comunidad = community-owned.
    * Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).
    * derecho de la comunidad = community right.
    * dirigido a la comunidad = community-based.
    * implicación de la comunidad = community involvement.
    * la comunidad en general = the community at large.
    * líder de la comunidad = community leader.
    * miembro de la Comunidad = community member, Community member.
    * no perteneciente a la Comunidad Europea = non-EC.
    * países de la Comunidad Europea = European Communities.
    * países miembro de la Comunidad = Community partner.
    * país miembro de la Comunidad = Community member state.
    * patrocinado por la comunidad = community-sponsored.
    * representante de la comunidad = community activist.
    * residente en la comunidad = community-dwelling.
    * toda la comunidad = the community at large.
    * vida de la comunidad = community life.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( sociedad) community
    b) ( grupo delimitado) community
    c) (Relig) community
    d) ( asociación) association
    2) ( coincidencia) community

    comunidad de ideales/objetivos — community of ideals/objectives

    •• Cultural note:
    In 1978 power in Spain was decentralized and the country was divided into comunidades autónomas or autonomías (autonomous regions). The new communities have far greater autonomy from central government than the old regiones and were a response to nationalist aspirations, which had built up under Franco. Some regions have more autonomy than others. The Basque Country, Catalonia, and Galicia, for example, had political structures, a desire for independence and their own languages which underpinned their claims to distinctive identities. Andalusia gained almost complete autonomy without having had a nationalist tradition. Other regions, such as Madrid, are to some extent artificial, having been created largely to complete the process. The comunidades autónomas are: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, the Basque Country (Euskadi), Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencia and the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
    * * *

    Ex: Language of documents and data bases will need to be tailored to each community.

    * asociación de la comunidad = community group.
    * biblioteca de la comunidad = community library.
    * bibliotecario encargado de los servicios dirigidos a la comunidad = community services librarian.
    * Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas (CEC) = Commission of the European Communities (CEC).
    * comunidad académica = academic community, learning community.
    * comunidad académica de investigadores = academic research community.
    * comunidad agrícola = farming community.
    * comunidad a la que se sirve = service area.
    * comunidad autónoma = autonomous region.
    * comunidad bancaria, la = banking community, the.
    * comunidad bibliotecaria, la = library community, the, librarianship community, the.
    * Comunidad Británica de Naciones, la = Commonwealth, the.
    * comunidad científica = knowledge community.
    * comunidad científica, la = scientific community, the, scholarly community, the, research community, the, scientific research community, the.
    * comunidad conectada electrónicamente = online community.
    * comunidad de bibliotecarios y documentalistas, la = library and information community, the.
    * comunidad de educadores, la = education community, the.
    * comunidad de lectores = reader community.
    * comunidad de naciones = comity of nations, commonwealth.
    * comunidad de pescadores = fishing community.
    * comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice, community of practice, community of practice.
    * comunidad de proveedores = vendor community.
    * comunidad de proveedores, la = vending community, the.
    * comunidad de usuarios = constituency, user community.
    * comunidad de vecinos = housing association.
    * comunidad dispersa = scattered community.
    * Comunidad Económica Europea (CEE) = European Economic Community (EEC).
    * comunidad editorial, la = publishing community, the.
    * comunidad electrónica = online community.
    * comunidad empresarial, la = business community, the.
    * Comunidad Europea (CE) = EC (European Community).
    * Comunidad Europea de la Energía Atómica (Euratom/EAEC) = European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom/EAEC).
    * Comunidad Europea del Carbón y el Acero (CECA) = European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
    * comunidad internacional, la = international community, the.
    * comunidad laboral = working community.
    * comunidad lingüística = language community, linguistic community.
    * comunidad local = local community.
    * comunidad marginada = deprived community.
    * comunidad marginal = disadvantaged community.
    * comunidad mundial, la = world community, the.
    * comunidad pluralista = pluralistic community.
    * comunidad religiosa = religious community.
    * comunidad rural = rural community.
    * comunidad urbana = urban community.
    * de la propia comunidad = community-owned.
    * Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).
    * derecho de la comunidad = community right.
    * dirigido a la comunidad = community-based.
    * implicación de la comunidad = community involvement.
    * la comunidad en general = the community at large.
    * líder de la comunidad = community leader.
    * miembro de la Comunidad = community member, Community member.
    * no perteneciente a la Comunidad Europea = non-EC.
    * países de la Comunidad Europea = European Communities.
    * países miembro de la Comunidad = Community partner.
    * país miembro de la Comunidad = Community member state.
    * patrocinado por la comunidad = community-sponsored.
    * representante de la comunidad = community activist.
    * residente en la comunidad = community-dwelling.
    * toda la comunidad = the community at large.
    * vida de la comunidad = community life.

    * * *
    comunidad comunidad autónoma (↑ comunidad a1)
    A
    1 (sociedad) community
    para el bien de la comunidad for the good of the community
    2 (grupo delimitado) community
    la comunidad polaca the Polish community
    vivir en comunidad to live with other people
    3 ( Relig) community
    4 (asociación) association
    Compuestos:
    (British) Commonwealth
    ( Hist) European Economic Community
    ( Hist) European Community
    European Coal and Steel Community
    B (coincidencia) community
    no existe comunidad de ideales/objetivos entre ambos grupos there is no community of ideals/objectives between the two groups, the two groups do not share common ideals/objectives
    la sublevación de las Comunidades the Revolt of the Comuneros
    * * *

     

    comunidad sustantivo femenino
    community;

    comunidad sustantivo femenino community
    comunidad autónoma, autonomous region
    comunidad de bienes, co-ownership
    Comunidad Europea, European Community

    ' comunidad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bien
    - CE
    - CECA
    - CEE
    - consejería
    - depender
    - EURATOM
    - homologación
    - primar
    - pueblo
    - reintegrar
    - autonomía
    English:
    Commonwealth of Independent States
    - community
    - fraternity
    - homeowners assocation
    - integrate
    - scattered
    - service charge
    - European
    - general
    - pillar
    - service
    * * *
    1. [grupo] community;
    la comunidad científica/educativa/judía the scientific/education/Jewish community;
    vivir en comunidad to live in a community
    Comunidad Andina Andean Community, = organization for regional cooperation formed by Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela;
    comunidad autónoma autonomous region, = largest administrative division in Spain, with its own Parliament and a number of devolved powers;
    comunidad de base [religiosa] base community, = lay Catholic community independent of church hierarchy;
    Comunidad Británica de Naciones (British) Commonwealth;
    Antes Comunidad Económica Europea European Economic Community;
    la Comunidad Europea, las Comunidades Europeas the European Community;
    la comunidad internacional the international community;
    comunidad linguística speech community;
    comunidad de propietarios residents' association;
    comunidad de vecinos residents' association
    2. [de ideas, bienes] communion
    comunidad de bienes co-ownership [between spouses]
    3. Am [colectividad] commune;
    vive en una comunidad anarquista she lives in an anarchist commune
    COMUNIDAD ANDINA
    The Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN – Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela) has its origins in the 1969 “Acuerdo de Cartagena”. Over subsequent decades the various institutions which now form the CAN were set up: the Council of Foreign Ministers in 1979, the Court of Justice in 1983, the Presidential Council in 1990, and the General Secretariat in 1997. The ultimate aim has been to create a Latin American common market. A free trade area was established in 1993, and a common external customs tariff in 1994. While all members have adopted a common foreign policy, more ambitious attempts at integration have been less successful. However, with a combined population of 122 million, and a GDP in 2004 of 300 billion dollars, the community is a significant economic group. In 2004, the leaders of the countries of South America decided to create the “Comunidad Sudamericana de Naciones” (“South American Community of Nations”) or CSN by a gradual convergence between the CAN and Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay), plus Chile, Guyana and Surinam. This will create, in time, a vast free-trade area encompassing all of South America.
    * * *
    f community;
    hereditaria heirs pl
    * * *
    : community
    * * *
    comunidad n community [pl. communities]

    Spanish-English dictionary > comunidad

  • 8 отличительный признак

    2) Biology: essence
    6) Diplomatic term: salient feature
    7) Psychology: characteristic, differentia, discrimination, distinctive cue
    9) Oil: feature
    11) Mechanics: discriminant
    12) Advertising: definitive distinction
    13) Patents: characteristic feature, distinctive sign, distinguishing force

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > отличительный признак

  • 9 nota

    nŏta, ae, f. [nosco], a mark, sign, note (cf.: signum, insigne, indicium): nota alias significat signum; ut in pecoribus, tabulis, libris, litterae singulae aut binae, alias ignominiam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll. (v. in the foll.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    reliquis epistulis notam apponam eam, quae mihi tecum convenit,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 6, a, 2:

    si signa et notas ostenderem locorum,

    id. de Or. 2, 41, 174; Liv. 37, 31:

    sive puer furens Impressit memorem dente labris notam,

    Hor. C. 1, 13, 11:

    caeruleae cui (angui) notae,

    Verg. A. 5, 87.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Notae litterarum, marks or characters in writing, letters:

    qui sonos vocis, qui infiniti videbantur, paucis litterarum notis terminavit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 62:

    sortes in robore insculptae priscarum litterarum notis,

    id. Div. 2, 41, 85.—So without litterarum:

    quosque legat versus oculo properante viator, Grandibus in tituli marmore caede notis,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 72:

    foliisque notas et nomina mandat,

    Verg. A. 3, 444: C nota praenominis, cum sola Gaium notat;

    item numeri cum centum significat,

    Diom. 418 P.—
    b.
    Transf., notae, a letter, epistle, writing ( poet.):

    inspicit acceptas hostis ab hoste notas,

    Ov. H. 4, 6; 20, 207; id. M. 6, 577:

    incisa notis marmora publicis,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 13.—
    2.
    Secret characters, secret writing, cipher:

    in quibus (epistulis), si qua occultius perferenda essent, per notas scripsit,

    Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 88; Cic. Mur. 11, 25; cf. Gell. 17, 9; Isid. Orig. 1, 25.—
    3.
    Short-hand characters, stenographic signs, used instead of the letters of the alphabet:

    apud veteres cum usus notarum nullus esset, propter perscribendi difficultatem... quaedam verba atque nomina ex communi sensu primis litteris notabant, et singulae litterae quid significarent, in promptu erat,

    Val. Prob. de Jur. Not. Signif. 1:

    quid verborum notas, quibus quamvis citata excipitur oratio et celeritatem linguae manus sequitur?

    Sen. Ep. 90, 25; Suet. Tit. 3:

    notis scriptae tabulae non continentur edicto, quia notas litteras non esse Pedius scripsit,

    Dig. 37, 1, 6; ib. 50, 13, 1, § 7: verba notis brevibus comprendere cuncta peritus, Raptimque punctis dicta praepetibus sequi, Prud. steph. 9, 23.—
    4.
    Memoranda, notes, brief extracts:

    idem (Aristoteles) locos, quasi argumentorum notas, tradidit,

    Cic. Or. 14, 46.—
    5.
    A note in music:

    notis musicis cantica excipere,

    Quint. 1, 12, 14. —
    6.
    A critical mark, made on the margin of a book in reading, to point out particular passages:

    notam apponere ad malum versum,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73:

    mittam tibi libros, et imponam notas, ut ad ea ipsa protinus, quae probo et miror accedas,

    Sen. Ep. 6, 4; cf. Isid. Orig. 1, 21; Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 2.— Hence,
    b.
    Transf., a critical remark, a note, on a writing:

    ex notā Marcelli constat, etc.,

    Dig. 49, 17, 10; Cod. Th. 1, 4, 1.—
    7.
    A mark on a wine-cask, to denote the quality of the wine:

    nota Falerni,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 8; id. S. 1, 10, 24.—Hence,
    b.
    Transf., a sort, kind, quality:

    eae notae sunt optimae,

    i. e. wines of those brands, Cic. Brut. 83, 287:

    ex hac notā corporum est aër,

    Sen. Q. N. 2, 2, 4:

    secundae notae mel,

    Col. 9, 15, 3:

    eum ex hac notā litteratorum esse,

    Petr. 83: de meliore notā, Cur. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 29, 1:

    quaedam beneficia non sunt ex hac vulgari notā, sed majora,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 1.—
    8.
    A distinguishing mark. distinctive feature:

    cujusque generis dicendi nota,

    Cic. Or. 23, 75; Phaedr. 4, 22, 22.—
    9.
    A nod, beck, sign:

    innuet: acceptas tu quoque redde notas,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 514; id. M. 11, 466. —
    10.
    A brand on the body of a bad slave:

    multos honesti ordinis, deformatos prius stigmatum notis, ad metalla condemnavit,

    Suet. Calig. 27.—Also of tattoo-marks:

    barbarus compunctus notis Thraciis,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

    interstincti corpora... fucatis et densioribus notis,

    Amm. 31, 2, 14.—
    11.
    A mark, spot, mole on the body (syn.:

    naevus, macula): corpore traditur maculoso dispersis per pectus atque alvum genetivis notis,

    Suet. Aug. 80; Hor. C. 4, 2, 59.—
    12.
    A stamp impression on a coin:

    nummos omnis notae,

    Suet. Aug. 75; 94; id. Ner. 25.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., a mark, sign, token:

    notae ac vestigia suorum flagitiorum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:

    quam scite per notas nos certiores facit Juppiter,

    id. Div. 2, 21, 47:

    mihi quoque impendere idem exitium, certis quibusdam notis augurabar,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 3:

    nomina et notae morti destinatorum,

    Suet. Calig. 49:

    pro re publicā cicatrices ac notas virtutis accipere,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 13, 36: interspirationis enim, non defatigationis nostrae neque librariorum notae, signs of punctuation marks, Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 173.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A characteristic quality, character:

    patefacta interiore notā animi sui,

    Suet. Tib. 54.—
    2.
    Nota censoria, or simply nota, the mark or note which the censors affixed in their lists of citizens to the name of any one whom they censured for immorality or want of patriotism:

    censoriae severitatis nota,

    Cic. Clu. 46, 129:

    patrum memoriā institutum fertur, ut censores motis e senatu adscriberent notas,

    Liv. 39, 42, 6 sq.:

    duo milia nominum in aerarios relata, tribuque omnes moti, additumque tam acri censoriae notae triste senatus consultum, ut, etc.,

    id. 24, 18, 9 Weissenb.:

    censores senatum sine ullius notā legerunt,

    not excluding any one, id. 32, 7, 3:

    censores eo anno... de senatu novem ejecerunt. Insignes notae fuerunt Maluginensis et Scipionis et, etc.,

    id. 41, 27, 1 sq.:

    notae jam destinatae exemptus est,

    Gell. 4, 20, 8; v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 664 sq.—Hence,
    b.
    Transf., a mark of ignominy or infamy, a reproach, disgrace: quem scis scire tuas omnes maculasque notasque, Lucil. ap. Non. 354, 21:

    quae nota domesticae turpitudinis non inusta vitae tuae est?

    Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

    Gabinii litteras insigni quādam notā atque ignominiā novā condemnāstis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 10, 25:

    o turpem notam temporum illorum,

    id. Off. 3, 18, 74:

    homo omnibus notis turpitudinis insignis,

    id. Rab. Perd. 9, 24:

    nota ignominiaque Philippi,

    Liv. 21, 44, 7:

    sempiternas foedissimae turpitudinis notas subire,

    Cic. Pis. 18, 41:

    notā laborare,

    Dig. 3, 2, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nota

  • 10 Ertzaintza

    [er'tainta]
    SF autonomous Basque police (force) ERTZAINTZA The Ertzaintza is the Basque autonomous police force, recognizable by its distinctive uniform of red sweater, red beret and white truncheon. Madrid has devolved certain policing responsibilities to the Basque government (as well as to Catalonia) but the national police forces, the Policía Nacional and the Guardia Civil, continue to have a role as well.
    * * *
    femenino Basque police force
    •• Cultural note:
    The Basque autonomous police force. Its members, called ertzainas, wear a uniform of red sweaters and berets, and white jackets. Despite the Ertzaintza's wide range of responsibilities, the Guardia Civil and Policía Nacional still operate in the Basque Country
    * * *
    femenino Basque police force
    •• Cultural note:
    The Basque autonomous police force. Its members, called ertzainas, wear a uniform of red sweaters and berets, and white jackets. Despite the Ertzaintza's wide range of responsibilities, the Guardia Civil and Policía Nacional still operate in the Basque Country
    * * *
    Ertzaintza (↑ Ertzaintza a1)
    Basque police force
    The Basque autonomous police force. Its members, called ertzainas, wear a uniform of red sweaters and berets, and white jackets. Despite the Ertzaintza 's wide range of responsibilities, the Guardia Civil (↑ guardia a1) and Policía Nacional (↑ policía a1) still operate in the Basque Country.
    * * *
    Ertzaintza [er'tʃaintʃa] nf
    Esp = Basque regional police force

    Spanish-English dictionary > Ertzaintza

  • 11 gaucho

    adj.
    1 Argentinean.
    2 gaucho.
    m.
    gaucho, cowboy of the pampas.
    * * *
    1. SM
    1) LAm gaucho; (=vaquero) cowboy, herdsman, herder (EEUU)
    2) Cono Sur (=jinete) good rider, expert horseman
    3) And (=sombrero) wide-brimmed straw hat
    2. ADJ
    1) gaucho antes de s, gaucho-like
    2) Cono Sur * (=servicial) helpful
    GAUCHO Gaucho is the name given to the men who rode the Pampa, the plains of Argentina, Uruguay and parts of southern Brazil, earning their living on cattle farms. Important parts of the gaucho's traditional costume include the faja, a sash worn around the waist, the facón, a sheath knife, and boleadoras, strips of leather weighted with stones at either end which were used somewhat like lassos to catch cattle. During the 19th century this vast pampas area was divided up into large ranches and the free-roaming lifestyle of the gaucho gradually disappeared. Gauchos were the inspiration for a tradition of literatura gauchesca, of which the most famous work is the two-part epic poem "Martín Fierro" written by the Argentine José Hernández between 1872 and 1879 and mourning the loss of the gaucho way of life and their persecution as outlaws.
    * * *
    masculino gaucho
    •• Cultural note:
    A peasant of the pampas of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Modern gauchos work as foremen on farms and ranches and take part in rodeos. Gauchos fought for Argentine independence from Spain, but later became involved in political disputes and suffered persecution. A literary genre, literatura gauchesca, grew up in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The most famous work is Martín Fierro, an epic poem by José Hernández about the misfortunes of an Argentine gaucho when the huge pampas are divided into ranches. Traditionally gauchos wore baggy trousers, leather chaps, a chiripá, a garment that went over their trousers and came up around their waist, boots, a hat, a leather waistcoat, a belt with a large buckle. They carried a facón - a large knife with a curved blade, and used boleadoras, ropes weighted at each end and thrown like lassos, to catch cattle
    * * *
    masculino gaucho
    •• Cultural note:
    A peasant of the pampas of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Modern gauchos work as foremen on farms and ranches and take part in rodeos. Gauchos fought for Argentine independence from Spain, but later became involved in political disputes and suffered persecution. A literary genre, literatura gauchesca, grew up in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The most famous work is Martín Fierro, an epic poem by José Hernández about the misfortunes of an Argentine gaucho when the huge pampas are divided into ranches. Traditionally gauchos wore baggy trousers, leather chaps, a chiripá, a garment that went over their trousers and came up around their waist, boots, a hat, a leather waistcoat, a belt with a large buckle. They carried a facón - a large knife with a curved blade, and used boleadoras, ropes weighted at each end and thrown like lassos, to catch cattle
    * * *
    1 ( RPl fam) (servicial) helpful, obliging
    2 ( Chi) (argentino) Argentinian
    gaucho (↑ gaucho a1)
    A peasant of the pampas of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Modern gauchos work as foremen on farms and ranches and take part in rodeos.
    Gauchos fought for Argentine independence from Spain, but later became involved in political disputes and suffered persecution.
    A literary genre, literatura gauchesca, grew up in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The most famous work is Martín Fierro, an epic poem by José Hernández about the misfortunes of an Argentine gaucho when the huge pampas are divided into ranches.
    Traditionally gauchos wore baggy trousers, leather chaps, a chiripá, a garment that went over their trousers and came up around their waist, boots, a hat, a leather waistcoat, a belt with a large buckle. They carried a facón - a large knife with a curved blade, and used boleadoras, ropes weighted at each end and thrown like lassos, to catch cattle.
    * * *

    gaucho sustantivo masculino
    gaucho
    ' gaucho' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bombacha
    - matrero
    * * *
    gaucho, -a
    ♦ adj
    RP Fam [servicial] helpful, obliging
    ♦ nm,f
    gaucho
    GAUCHO
    The Gauchos were the cowboys of Argentina and Uruguay, skilled horsemen who were in charge of the huge cattle-herds of the pampas. The culture of the Gaucho, which dates from colonial times, combines elements from several sources: Spain, indigenous Indian culture, and that of freed slaves. They gained fame for their courage and daring during the wars of independence against Spain, but they later became increasingly marginalized because of their fiercely independent spirit and nomadic customs. Nevertheless they remain vivid figures in the national imagination, together with their working tools and weapons – the Spanish hunting knife and Indian “boleadoras” – their distinctive clothing, such as the poncho, and customs, such as drinking mate and singing campfire songs. They were immortalized by José Hernández in his long poem “El gaucho Martín Fierro” (1872-79), which is Argentina's national epic and did much to create and popularize their legend. Although this tradition may be affectionately sent up nowadays (e.g. in the comic strip “Inodoro Pereyra” by the cartoonist Fontanarrosa), the Gaucho is still regarded by many as the embodiment of the virtues of solidarity and companionship.
    * * *
    Rpl
    I adj gaucho atr
    II m gaucho
    * * *
    gaucho nm
    : gaucho

    Spanish-English dictionary > gaucho

  • 12 характерная черта

    1) General subject: attribute, cachet, characteristic, characteristical, distinctive, habit, lineaments, peculiarity, quality, tang, the personal touch (человека), touch, trait, mark, defining attribute, mannerism, particularity
    2) Medicine: character, distinction, note
    3) Colloquial: middle name
    6) Psychology: lineament
    7) Information technology: specific feature
    8) Advertising: characteristic feature, salient characteristic, speciality
    9) Business: characteristics, distinctive feature, distinctiveness, feature, point
    10) Quality control: characteristic (напр. конструкции)
    11) Makarov: streak

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > характерная черта

  • 13 Introduction

       Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.
       Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.
       Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.
       Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).
       Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.
       Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.
       LAND AND PEOPLE
       The Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).
       For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.
       Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into the
       Atlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.
       Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:
       1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)
       1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)
       1864 4,287,000 first census
       1890 5,049,700
       1900 5,423,000
       1911 5,960,000
       1930 6,826,000
       1940 7,185,143
       1950 8,510,000
       1960 8,889,000
       1970 8,668,000* note decrease
       1980 9,833,000
       1991 9,862,540
       1996 9,934,100
       2006 10,642,836
       2010 10,710,000 (estimated)

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Introduction

  • 14 известность

    1) General subject: celebrity, distinction, eclat, fame, limelight, mark, notability, note, notoriety, prominence, renown, reputation, vogue, publicity, anticipation (In order to demonstrate anticipation of the claims that have been infringed, the alleged infringer must show that each element of a patent claim is disclosed within a single prior art reference.), popularity, (в нек. контекстах) profile
    2) French: renommee
    3) Law: repute
    4) Canadian: break
    5) Patents: availability (Regarding availability in the art of the mentioned distinctive features see part L2.), previous disclosure (When does previous disclosure become a 'prior publication' problem?)
    6) Makarov: air, open, the open

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > известность

  • 15 rys

    m (G rysu) 1. (właściwość) trait, feature
    - indywidualny rys a personal touch
    - znał wszystkie rysy jej charakteru he knew all the traits of her character
    2. zw. pl (układ linii twarzy) features pl
    - miała wyraziste rysy twarzy she had very distinctive features
    3. (krótki opis) outline
    - rys historyczny miasta Warszawy an outline of the history of the city of Warsaw
    * * *
    - su; -sy; loc sg - sie; m
    ( charakteru) trait, feature; ( streszczenie) outline
    * * *
    mi
    1. (= właściwość) feature, trait.
    2. pl. (= cechy wyglądu twarzy) features ( of sb's face); grube/delikatne rysy coarse/delicate features.
    3. (= streszczenie, notka) sketch, note.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > rys

  • 16 acento

    m.
    1 accent.
    tener acento andaluz to have an Andalusian accent
    2 accent.
    3 stress.
    4 tone, accent, lilt.
    * * *
    1 (tilde) accent (mark)
    2 (tónico) stress
    4 (énfasis) emphasis, stress
    \
    poner el acento en algo to stress something, emphasize something
    acento ortográfico written accent, accent
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) stress, emphasis
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Ling) [escrito] accent; [hablado] stress, emphasis

    el acento cae en la segunda sílaba — the stress o emphasis is on the second syllable

    2) (=deje) accent
    3) (=énfasis) emphasis

    poner el acento en algo — to put the emphasis on sth, emphasize o stress sth

    4) frm (=tono) tone (of voice)

    lo anunció con acento triunfal — he announced it with a note of triumph in his voice, he announced it in a triumphant tone of voice, he announced it triumphantly

    * * *
    1)
    a) (Ling) accent
    b) ( énfasis) emphasis
    2)
    a) (dejo, pronunciación) accent
    b) ( tono) tone
    * * *
    = accent, stress.
    Ex. Diacritical marks such as umlauts, accents, diereses may either be ignored, or be assigned a filing value.
    Ex. Prosodics is concerned with the stress and intonation patterns of speech.
    ----
    * acento agudo = acute accent, acute.
    * acento circumflejo = circumflex.
    * acento circunflejo = circumflex accent.
    * acento fuerte = thick accent.
    * acento grave = grave accent, grave.
    * acento muy pronunciado = heavy accent.
    * acento regional = brogue.
    * tipo movible de acento = accent punch.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Ling) accent
    b) ( énfasis) emphasis
    2)
    a) (dejo, pronunciación) accent
    b) ( tono) tone
    * * *
    = accent, stress.

    Ex: Diacritical marks such as umlauts, accents, diereses may either be ignored, or be assigned a filing value.

    Ex: Prosodics is concerned with the stress and intonation patterns of speech.
    * acento agudo = acute accent, acute.
    * acento circumflejo = circumflex.
    * acento circunflejo = circumflex accent.
    * acento fuerte = thick accent.
    * acento grave = grave accent, grave.
    * acento muy pronunciado = heavy accent.
    * acento regional = brogue.
    * tipo movible de acento = accent punch.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Ling) accent
    el acento recae en la última sílaba the stress falls on o the accent is on the last syllable
    no lleva acento it doesn't have an accent on it
    2 (énfasis) emphasis
    pondremos especial acento en la enseñanza we will be putting special emphasis o stress on education
    Compuestos:
    acute accent
    circumflex accent
    written accent
    prosodic accent
    B
    1 (deje, pronunciación) accent
    habla con/tiene acento francés he speaks with/he has a French accent
    tiene un acento raro she has a funny accent
    2 (tono) tone
    con acento solemne solemnly, in a solemn tone of voice, in solemn tones ( frml)
    de marcado acento europeo markedly European in tone o emphasis
    * * *

     

    acento sustantivo masculino
    a) (Ling) ( tilde) accent;

    ( de intensidad) stress, accent

    c) (dejo, pronunciación) accent;


    acento sustantivo masculino
    1 (tilde) accent: esta palabra lleva acento circunflejo, this word has a circumflex accent
    (de una palabra) stress
    (forma de hablar característica) accent: tiene un fuerte acento irlandés, she's got a strong Irish accent
    2 (importancia, hincapié) stress, emphasis
    ' acento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cerrada
    - cerrado
    - ligera
    - ligero
    - misma
    - mismo
    - pegarse
    - afectado
    - agringado
    - coger
    - comer
    - dejo
    - escribir
    - fuerte
    - grave
    - marcado
    - pegar
    - suave
    - suavidad
    - tilde
    - tonada
    English:
    accent
    - acute
    - brogue
    - distinctive
    - drawl
    - fraud
    - pronounced
    - stress
    - strong
    - syllable
    - there
    - thick
    - circumflex (accent)
    - give
    * * *
    acento nm
    1. [entonación] accent;
    tener acento andaluz to have an Andalusian accent;
    habla con acento colombiano she speaks with a Colombian accent
    2. [ortográfico] accent;
    mármol lleva acento en la a “mármol” has an accent on the “a”
    acento agudo acute accent;
    acento circunflejo circumflex accent;
    acento grave grave accent;
    acento ortográfico written accent;
    acento primario primary stress;
    acento prosódico prosodic stress
    3. [énfasis] emphasis;
    poner el acento en algo to emphasize sth, to put the emphasis on sth
    * * *
    m
    hablar sin acento speak without an accent
    2 énfasis stress, emphasis;
    poner el acento en fig stress, emphasize
    * * *
    acento nm
    1) : accent
    2) : stress, emphasis
    * * *
    acento n accent

    Spanish-English dictionary > acento

  • 17 barrio

    m.
    1 area, district.
    los barrios bajos the rough parts of town
    de barrio local (cine, tienda)
    barrio comercial/periférico shopping/outlying district
    barrio latino Latin Quarter
    2 neighborhood, local community, neighbourhood.
    3 quarter, area.
    4 people in the neighborhood.
    5 district, ward, town ward.
    * * *
    1 neighbourhood (US neighborhood) (zona) district, area
    \
    de barrio local
    irse al otro barrio familiar to kick the bucket
    barrio chino red-light district
    barrio comercial business district
    barrio latino Latin Quarter
    barrio popular working-class area
    barrio residencial residential area
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=distrito) area, district, neighborhood (EEUU)

    mi barrio — my part of town, my neighborhood (EEUU)

    tiendas de barrio — local shops, corner shops, neighborhood stores (EEUU)

    - el otro barrio
    - mandar a algn al otro barrio

    barrio bruja — And shanty town

    barrio chino — [de mayoría china] Chinatown, Chinese quarter; [de prostitución] Esp red-light district

    barrio comercial — [de negocios] business quarter, commercial district; [de tiendas] shopping area, shopping district

    barrio de tolerancia — And red-light district

    barrio dormitorio — commuter suburb, dormitory suburb

    Barrio Gótico — historic district with principally Gothic architecture

    barrio miseria — † shanty town

    barrio obrero — working-class area, working-class district, working-class neighborhood (EEUU)

    2) LAm shanty town
    * * *
    masculino ( zona) neighborhood*

    la gente del barrio — people in the neighborhood, local people

    * * *
    = block, ward, quarter, burb, local community.
    Ex. And what really hurt was that one of them lives on my block and is in no way what you would call a 'delinquent' child.
    Ex. A total of 868 personal interviews were conducted with residents in tree wards (inner city and suburban).
    Ex. The library is located in the marginalized quarter of the city of Guatemala.
    Ex. Townie is in fact a derogatory reference to those who are born and raised in that type of burg or burb, and are assumed to be of inferior intellectual promise.
    Ex. Involving local communities is crucial to prevent and control destructive forest fires.
    ----
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * asesoría de barrio (NAC) = neighbourhood advice centre (NAC).
    * asistente social de barrio = community worker.
    * barrio bajo = slum, skid row.
    * barrio chino, el = Chinatown.
    * barrio de chabolas = slum.
    * barrio de los pobres = lower town.
    * barrio de los ricos = upper town.
    * barrio dormitorio = bedroom community.
    * barrio marginado = deprived area.
    * barrio marginado de la ciudad = inner-city area.
    * barrio pobre = slum.
    * barrio residencial de las afueras = suburb.
    * Barrio Sésamo = Sesame Street.
    * barrios pobres del centro de la ciudad = inner city.
    * biblioteca de barrio = district library, community library.
    * bibliotecario de biblioteca de barrio = district librarian.
    * centro de barrio = neighbourhood centre.
    * de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * de los barrios pobres = back-street.
    * en + Posesivo + barrio = in + Posesivo + neck of the woods.
    * habitante de un barrio residencial = suburbanite.
    * material documental de interés para los vecinos del barrio = community literature.
    * nuevo vecino del barrio = new kid on the block.
    * patrullas de barrio = community policing.
    * ser la comidilla del barrio = be the talk of the town.
    * tienda de barrio = convenience store.
    * * *
    masculino ( zona) neighborhood*

    la gente del barrio — people in the neighborhood, local people

    * * *
    = block, ward, quarter, burb, local community.

    Ex: And what really hurt was that one of them lives on my block and is in no way what you would call a 'delinquent' child.

    Ex: A total of 868 personal interviews were conducted with residents in tree wards (inner city and suburban).
    Ex: The library is located in the marginalized quarter of the city of Guatemala.
    Ex: Townie is in fact a derogatory reference to those who are born and raised in that type of burg or burb, and are assumed to be of inferior intellectual promise.
    Ex: Involving local communities is crucial to prevent and control destructive forest fires.
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * asesoría de barrio (NAC) = neighbourhood advice centre (NAC).
    * asistente social de barrio = community worker.
    * barrio bajo = slum, skid row.
    * barrio chino, el = Chinatown.
    * barrio de chabolas = slum.
    * barrio de los pobres = lower town.
    * barrio de los ricos = upper town.
    * barrio dormitorio = bedroom community.
    * barrio marginado = deprived area.
    * barrio marginado de la ciudad = inner-city area.
    * barrio pobre = slum.
    * barrio residencial de las afueras = suburb.
    * Barrio Sésamo = Sesame Street.
    * barrios pobres del centro de la ciudad = inner city.
    * biblioteca de barrio = district library, community library.
    * bibliotecario de biblioteca de barrio = district librarian.
    * centro de barrio = neighbourhood centre.
    * de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * de los barrios pobres = back-street.
    * en + Posesivo + barrio = in + Posesivo + neck of the woods.
    * habitante de un barrio residencial = suburbanite.
    * material documental de interés para los vecinos del barrio = community literature.
    * nuevo vecino del barrio = new kid on the block.
    * patrullas de barrio = community policing.
    * ser la comidilla del barrio = be the talk of the town.
    * tienda de barrio = convenience store.

    * * *
    barrio barrio (↑ barrio a1)
    (zona) neighborhood*
    la gente del barrio people in the neighborhood, local people
    el mercado del barrio the local market
    ese chico es de mi barrio that boy lives in my neighborhood o round my way
    un barrio residencial a residential district o area o neighborhood
    lo conozco del barrio I've seen him around in my area o in the area I live in
    un comité de barrio neighborhood association
    los barrios más antiguos de la ciudad the oldest parts o areas o quarters of the city
    es el hazmerreír del barrio he's the laughing stock of the neighborhood
    vive en un barrio de las afueras she lives out in the suburbs
    cine/peluquería de barrio local cinema/hairdresser's
    irse al otro barrio ( Esp fam hum); to kick the bucket ( colloq hum)
    Compuestos:
    ( Chi) smart neighborhood
    (de chinos) Chinatown; (zona de prostitución) ( Esp) red-light district
    business quarter o district
    ( Esp) shantytown
    ( Col) shantytown
    downtown quarter ( AmE), town centre area ( BrE)
    fishermen's quarters
    ( Andes) red-light district
    ( AmC) shantytown
    Latin Quarter
    working-class neighborhood o area
    suburb
    residential neighborhood o area
    mpl poor neighborhoods (pl)
    A city neighborhood, defined by its geographical location, a characteristic of its inhabitants, a particular feature, or its history. Most barrios have very strong identities. Buenos Aires is unique, with a total of forty-six distinctive barrios, some very well known, such as the oldest, San Telmo, and La Boca (↑ La Boca 21).
    * * *

     

    Del verbo barrer: ( conjugate barrer)

    barrió es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    barrer    
    barrio
    barrer ( conjugate barrer) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹suelo/cocina› to sweep
    2


    verbo intransitivo
    1 ( con escoba) to sweep
    2 ( arrasar) [equipo/candidato] to sweep to victory;
    barrio con algo ‹con premios/medallas› to walk off with sth;

    barrió con todos los premios she walked off with all the prizes
    barrerse verbo pronominal (Méx) [ vehículo] to skid;
    (en fútbol, béisbol) to slide
    barrio sustantivo masculino
    a) ( zona) neighborhood( conjugate neighborhood);


    el mercado del barrio the local market; barrio alto (Chi) smart neighborhood;
    barrio chino (Esp) red-light district;
    barrio espontáneo (AmC) shantytown;
    barrios bajos poor neighborhoods (pl);
    barrio de invasión (Col) shantytown

    barrer
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to sweep: hace una semana que no barro el salón, I haven't swept the living room for a week
    el anticiclón está barriendo el norte, the anticyclone is sweping through the North
    2 (destruir, rechazar) to sweep away
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (en una votación) to win by a landslide: el partido conservador barrió en las regiones del norte, the conservatives won by a landslide in the North
    2 (acaparar, agotar las existencias) to take away: los clientes barrieron con las ofertas, the customers snapped up the bargains
    ♦ Locuciones: barrer para casa, to look after number one
    barrio sustantivo masculino
    1 area, district: el Barrio Alto, the Upper Quarter
    barrio chino (zona de prostitución), red-light district
    barrios bajos, slums
    2 (vecindario) neighbourhood: el niño salió a jugar con los chicos del barrio, the boy went out to play with the local children
    ♦ Locuciones: de barrio, local: prefiero comprar en cualquier tienda de barrio, no me gustan las grandes superficies, I'd rather buy in a local shop, I don't like big stores
    ' barrio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    barrer
    - barriada
    - bien
    - chabola
    - comidilla
    - comunicada
    - comunicado
    - desvalorizarse
    - haber
    - periférica
    - periférico
    - suburbio
    - vecina
    - vecindario
    - vecino
    - atemorizar
    - chusco
    - cine
    - colonia
    - comunicar
    - copeo
    - decaer
    - elegancia
    - elegante
    - feo
    - habitante
    - inseguridad
    - inseguro
    - matón
    - mirado
    - obrero
    - pobre
    - por
    - remodelar
    - renovación
    - renovar
    - retirado
    - roto
    - rotoso
    - silencioso
    - superpoblado
    - vecindad
    English:
    academy
    - chinatown
    - design
    - disreputable
    - district
    - dormitory town
    - exclusive
    - local
    - locally
    - neighborhood
    - neighbourhood
    - quarter
    - red light district
    - resident
    - residential
    - rough
    - shabby
    - shantytown
    - slum
    - suburb
    - unfashionable
    - unsafe
    - area
    - corner
    - east
    - move
    - nice
    - salubrious
    * * *
    barrio nm
    1. [vecindario] area, district, neighbourhood;
    un barrio acomodado a well-to-do area o neighbourhood;
    vive en un barrio céntrico she lives centrally;
    la gente del barrio nos conocemos todos everyone knows everyone else round here;
    la contaminación afecta más al centro que a los barrios the pollution is worse in the centre of the city than further out;
    una tienda/un cine de barrio a local shop/cinema;
    los barrios bajos the rough parts of town;
    Esp Fam Hum
    irse al otro barrio to kick the bucket, to snuff it;
    Esp Fam Hum barrio chino [de chinos] Chinatown; Esp [de prostitución] red-light district;
    barrio comercial shopping district;
    Col barrio de invasión shanty town;
    barrio latino Latin Quarter;
    barrio marginal deprived area o district;
    barrio obrero working-class area o district o neighbourhood;
    barrio periférico outlying area o district;
    barrio residencial residential area o district o neighbourhood;
    Andes barrio de tolerancia red-light district
    2. Ven [de chabolas] shanty town
    * * *
    m neighborhood, Br
    neighbourhood, area;
    * * *
    barrio nm
    1) : neighborhood, district
    2)
    barrios bajos : slums pl
    * * *
    1. (zona) area / neighbourhood
    2. (zona típica) quarter

    Spanish-English dictionary > barrio

  • 18 реактивная древесина

    reaction wood
    Wood with distinctive anatomical characters, formed typically in parts of leaning or crooked stems and in branches and tending to restore the original position, if this has been disturbed. Note: In hardwoods it is known as tension wood and in softwoods as compression wood

    Русско-английский словарь по деревообрабатывающей промышленности > реактивная древесина

  • 19 отличительный признак

    distinguishing force, difference, distinction, characteristic feature, kind, note, distinctive sign

    Русско-английский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам > отличительный признак

  • 20 δόξα

    δόξα, ης, ἡ (s. δοξάζω; in var. mngs. Hom.+; in Ath. ‘meaning’). In many of the passages in our lit. the OT and Gr-Rom. perceptions of dependence of fame and honor on extraordinary performance deserve further exploration. SIG 456, 15 is typical: concern for others leads to enhancement of one’s δόξα or reputation. The Common Gk. usage of δ. in sense of ‘notion, opinion’ is not found in the NT.
    ① the condition of being bright or shining, brightness, splendor, radiance (a distinctive aspect of Hb. כָּבוֹד).
    ⓐ of physical phenomena (PGM 13, 189 τὴν δόξαν τοῦ φωτός, cp. 298ff. On this Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 357ff, also 314 δόξα ἐκ τ. πυρός [cp. Just., D. 128]; 315 φῶς κ. δόξαν θεῖαν [=Cleopatra 150]; LXX; TestJob 43:6 τῆ λαμπάδα αὐτοῦ) οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δ. τοῦ φωτός I could not see because of the brightness of the light Ac 22:11; ὁρᾶν τὴν δ. see the radiance Lk 9:32; cp. vs. 31. Everything in heaven has this radiance: the radiant bodies in the sky 1 Cor 15:40f (cp. PGM 13, 64 σὺ ἔδωκας ἡλίῳ τὴν δόξαν κ. δύναμιν; 448; Sir 43:9, 12; 50:7).
    ⓑ of humans involved in transcendent circumstances, and also transcendent beings: cherubim (Sir 49:8; Ezk 10:4) Hb 9:5; angels Lk 2:9; Rv 18:1. Esp. of God’s self (Ex 24:17; 40:34; Num 14:10; Bar 5:9 τὸ φῶς τῆς δόξης αὐτου; Tob 12:15; 13:16 BA; 2 Macc 2:8; SibOr 5, 427) ὁ θεὸς τῆς δ. (En 25:7) Ac 7:2 (Ps 28:3); cp. J 12:41 (Is 6:1); Ac 7:55; 2 Th 1:9; 2 Pt 1:17b; Rv 15:8; 19:1; 21:11, 23. ὁ πατὴρ τῆς δ. Eph 1:17; βασιλεὺς τῆς δ. AcPl BMM verso 24 and 26. But also of those who appear before God: Moses 2 Cor 3:7–11, 18 (Just., D. 127, 3; cp. Ἀδὰμ τῆς δ. θεοῦ ἐγυμνώθη GrBar 4:16); Christians in the next life 1 Cor 15:43; Col 3:4. The δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ as it relates to the final judgment Ro 3:23; 5:2 (but s. 3); Jesus himself has a σῶμα τῆς δ. radiant, glorious body Phil 3:21; cp. 2 Cl 17:5. Christ is the κύριος τ. δόξης 1 Cor 2:8 (cp. En 22:14; 27:3, 5; 36:4; 40:3 of God; PGM 7, 713 κύριοι δόξης of deities).—The concept has been widened to denote the glory, majesty, sublimity of God in general (PGM 4, 1202 ἐφώνησά σου τ. ἀνυπέρβλητον δόξαν; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 1, 24 οἰκοδομεῖν … ναὸν δόξης θεοῦ) ἀλλάσσειν τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ exchange the majesty of God Ro 1:23; κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ Jd 24 (cp. En 104:1)=before himself. Christ was raised fr. the dead διὰ τῆς δ. τοῦ πατρός by the majesty (here, as in J 2:11, the thought of power, might is also present; cp. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 344, 359 and PGM 4, 1650 δὸς δόξαν καὶ χάριν τῷ φυλακτηρίῳ τούτῳ; Wsd 9:11 φυλάξει με ἐν τ. δόξῃ; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45.—JVogel, Het sanscrit woord tejas [=gloedvuur] in de beteekenis van magische Kracht 1930) of the Father Ro 6:4; cp. Mt 16:27; Mk 8:38; AcPl Ha 10, 9; ὄψῃ τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 11:40; κράτος τῆς δ. majestic power Col 1:11; πλοῦτος τῆς δ. the wealth of his glory Ro 9:23; Eph 1:18; cp. Eph 3:16; Phil 4:19; Col 1:27; δ. τῆς χάριτος (PGM 4, 1650, s. above) Eph 1:6; w. ἀρετή 2 Pt 1:3 (τῆς ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ καὶ δόξῃ διαλήψεως, ins at Aphrodisias II, 14: ZPE 8, ’71, 186); ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δ. Hb 1:3; τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δ. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ Tit 2:13. Some would classify Ro 2:7, 10 here, but these and related pass. w. the formulation δόξα καὶ τιμή prob. are better placed in 3 below because of their focus on honor and prestige. Doxol. σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δ. εἰς τ. αἰῶνας, ἀμήν (Odes 12:15 [Prayer of Manasseh]) Mt 6:13 v.l.; AcPl Ha 2, 33; εἰς ἔπαινον τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ Eph 1:12, 14; cp. 1:6.—1 Th 2:12; 1 Pt 5:10. Pl. Hv 1, 3, 3. κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δ. τοῦ μακαρίου θεοῦ 1 Ti 1:11. Transferred to Christ: Mt 19:28; 24:30; 25:31; Mk 10:37; 13:26; Lk 9:26; 21:27; J 1:14; 2:11; Js 2:1 (AMeyer, D. Rätsel d. Js 1930, 118ff); B 12:7; AcPl Ha 7:7. τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δ. τοῦ χριστοῦ the news that shines with the greatness of Christ 2 Cor 4:4; cp. 4:6 (cp. Just., A I, 51, 8 παραγίνεσθαι μετὰ δόξης μέλλει). Of Christ’s prestige promoted by Paul’s associates 2 Cor 8:23 (but s. d and 3 below).
    ⓒ The state of being in the next life is thus described as participation in the radiance or glory
    α. w. ref. to Christ: εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν δ. αὐτοῦ enter into his glory Lk 24:26 (βασιλείαν P75 first hand); ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δ. 1 Ti 3:16; cp. τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δ.1 Pt 1:11 (but s. β below; pl. because of the παθήματα; cp. also Wsd 18:24; Isocr. 4, 51; POslo 85, 13 [III A.D.]), 21. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ 4:13. Also of Christ’s preëxistence: J 17:5, 22, 24.
    β. w. ref. to his followers (cp. Da 12:13; Herm. Wr. 10, 7): Ro 8:18, 21; 1 Cor 2:7; 2 Cor 4:17; 1 Th 2:12; 2 Th 2:14; 2 Ti 2:10; Hb 2:10; 1 Pt 5:1, 4 (στέφανος τ. δόξης; on this expr. cp. Jer 13:18; TestBenj 4:1); εἰς … δ. καὶ τιμὴν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:7 (perh. 1:11 belongs here, in ref. to sufferings that are endured in behalf of Christ). πνεῦμα τῆς δ. w. πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 4:14. ἵνα πνευματικὴν καὶ ἄφθαρτον τῆς δικαιοσύνης δόξαν κληρονομήσωσιν ending of Mk 16:14 v.l. (Freer ms. ln. 11f) (Cleopatra 146f ἐνέδυσεν αὐτοὺς θείαν δόξαν πνευματικήν); ἥτις ἐστὶν δ. ὑμῶν (my troubles) promote your glory Eph 3:13 (s. MDibelius, comm. on Col 1:24ff) τόπος τῆς δ.=the hereafter 1 Cl 5:4.
    ⓓ of reflected radiance reflection ἀνὴρ … εἰκὼν καὶ δόξα θεοῦ man (as distinguished from woman) is the image and reflection of God 1 Cor 11:7 (perh. this thought finds expression Ro 3:23; 5:2, but s. 3, below); also γυνὴ δόξα ἀνδρός ibid. (cp. the formal similarity but difft. mng. in the Jewish ins in Lietzmann comm. ad loc.: ἡ δόξα Σωφρονίου Λούκιλλα εὐλογημένη; s. also AFeuillet, RB 81, ’74, 161–82). Some interpret δ. Χριστοῦ 2 Cor 8:23 in ref. to Paul’s associates (but s. 1b).
    ② a state of being magnificent, greatness, splendor, anything that catches the eye (1 Esdr 6:9; 1 Macc 10:60, 86; 2 Macc 5:20): fine clothing (Sir 6:31; 27:8; 45:7; 50:11) of a king Mt 6:29; Lk 12:27; of royal splendor gener. (Bar 5:6; 1 Macc 10:58; Jos., Ant. 8, 166) Mt 4:8; Lk 4:6; Rv 21:24, 26. Gener. of human splendor of any sort 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6).
    ③ honor as enhancement or recognition of status or performance, fame, recognition, renown, honor, prestige (s. s.v. ἀγαθός and δικαιο-entries; Diod S 15, 61, 5 abs. δόξα= good reputation; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376 δ. ἀγαθή good reputation, esteem; Polyaenus 8 Prooem. δόξα ἀθάνατος=eternal renown; Herm. Wr. 14, 7; PsSol 1:4; 17:6; Jos., Ant. 4, 14, Vi. 274; Just., A II, 10, 8 δόξης … καταφρονήσαντος) of public approbation (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 7, 24, 1; Did., Gen. 238, 25) ἐνώπιον πάντων τῶν συνανακειμένων σοι Lk 14:10; δ. λαμβάνειν (En 99:1; Diog. L. 9, 37 of Democr. οὐκ ἐκ τόπου δόξαν λαβεῖν βουλόμενος) J 5:41, 44a al.; sim. of God Rv 4:11 and the Lamb 5:12 receiving honor. J 8:54 (=make high claims for myself); 12:43a (cp. 8:50); Ro 9:4; 2 Cor 6:8 (opp. ἀτιμία); 1 Th 2:6; 1 Cl 3:1; B 19:3; Hv 1, 1, 8. Gener. γυνὴ … ἐὰν κομᾷ, δόξα αὐτῇ ἐστιν, i.e. she enjoys a favorable reputation 1 Cor 11:15 (opp. ἀτιμία). Oxymoron ὧν … ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν whose prestige is in their disgrace Phil 3:19. Of enhancement of divine prestige as an objective J 7:18; Lazarus’ illness redounds to God’s honor 11:4; Ro 15:7. Of divine approbation of pers. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 5:44b; 12:43b (cp. 1QH 17:15; 1QS 4:23); Ro 3:23; 5:2. Here also belong pass. w. the form δὸξα καὶ τιμή / τιμὴ καὶ δόξα (LXX; ins, e.g. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37; Welles 42, 6; also PGM 4, 1616f δὸς δ. καὶ τιμὴν κ. χάριν; Just., D. 42, 1) Ro 2:7, 10; 1 Ti 1:17; Hb 2:7, 9 (Ps 8:6); cp. 3:3; 1 Pt 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; Rv 4:9, 11; 5:12, 13; 21:26. Of pers. who bestow renown through their excellence: of Jesus Lk 2:32 (cp. Ro 9:4); of Paul’s epistolary recipients ὑμεῖς ἡ δ. ἡμῶν you bring us renown 1 Th 2:20 (cp. the Jewish ins in Lietzmann, 1d above: Loucilla brings renown to Sophronius).—Israel’s liturgy furnishes the pattern for the liturg. formula δ. θεῷ praise is (BWeiss; HHoltzmann; Harnack; Zahn; EKlostermann; ASchlatter; Rengstorf) or be (Weizsäcker; JWeiss; OHoltzmann) to God Lk 2:14. Cp. 19:38; Ro 11:36; 16:27; Gal 1:5; Eph 3:21; Phil 4:20; 2 Ti 4:18 (perh. Christ as referent); Hb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 1 Cl 20:12; 50:7 al.; τιμὴ καὶ δ. 1 Ti 1:17 (s. also above as extra-biblical formulation, esp. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37); cp. Jd 25 v.l.; Rv 5:13; 7:12. Doxologies to Christ 2 Pt 3:18; Rv 1:6; εἰς (τὴν) δ. (τοῦ) θεοῦ to the praise of God Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 10:31; 2 Cor 4:15; Phil 1:11; 2:11; cp. Ro 3:7. Also πρὸ δ. 2 Cor 1:20; πρὸ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ κυρίου (Christ) δ. 8:19. Hence the expr. δ. διδόναι τῷ θεῷ praise God (Bar 2:17f; 1 Esdr 9:8; 4 Macc 1:12): in thanksgiving Lk 17:18; Rv 19:7; as a form of relig. devotion: Ac 12:23; Ro 4:20; Rv 4:9; 11:13; 14:7; 16:9; as an adjuration δὸς δ. τῷ θεῷ give God the praise by telling the truth J 9:24.—GBoobyer, ‘Thanksgiving’ and the ‘Glory of God’ in Paul, diss. Leipzig 1929; LChampion, Benedictions and Doxologies in the Epistles of Paul ’35; MPamment, The Meaning of δόξα in the Fourth Gospel: ZNW 74, ’83, 12–16, God’s glory is manifested through the gift of Jesus’ voluntary self-surrender on the cross.
    ④ a transcendent being deserving of honor, majestic being, by metonymy (cp. Diod S 15, 58, 1 of citizens who stood out from among all others in ἐξουσίαι καὶ δόξαι=offices and honors) of angelic beings (s. Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45; PGM 1, 199) δόξαι majestic (heavenly) beings Jd 8; 2 Pt 2:10 (s. also Ex 15:11 LXX; TestJud 25:2 αἱ δυνάμεις τ. δόξης. Also the magical text in Rtzst., Poim. p. 28 [VI 17] χαιρέτωσάν σου αἱ δόξαι (practically = δυνάμει) εἰς αἰῶνα, κύριε). Cp. JSickenberger, Engelsoder Teufelslästerer? Festschrift zur Jahrhundertfeier d. Univers. Breslau 1911, 621ff. The mng. majesties and by metonymy illustrious persons is also prob.—On the whole word Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 289; 314f; 344; 355ff; AvGall, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes 1900; IAbrahams, The Glory of God 1925.—AForster, The Mng. of Δόξα in the Greek Bible: ATR 12, 1929/1930, 311ff; EOwen, Δόξα and Cognate Words: JTS 33, ’32, 139–50; 265–79; CMohrmann, Note sur doxa: ADebrunner Festschr. ’54, 321–28; LBrockington, LXX Background to the NT Use of δ., Studies in the Gospels in memory of RLightfoot ’55, 1–8.—HBöhlig, D. Geisteskultur v. Tarsos 1913, 97ff; GWetter, D. Verherrlichung im Joh.-ev.: Beitr. z. Rel.-wiss. II 1915, 32–113, Phos 1915; RLloyd, The Word ‘Glory’ in the Fourth Gospel: ET 43, ’32, 546–48; BBotte, La gloire du Christ dans l’Evangile de S. Jean: Quest. liturgiques 12, 1927, 65ff; HPass, The Glory of the Father; a Study in St John 13–17, ’35; WThüsing, Die Erhöhung u. Verherrlichung Jesu im J, ’60.—GKittel, D. Rel. gesch. u. d. Urchristentum ’32, 82ff; JSchneider, Doxa ’32; HKittel, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes ’34; MGreindl, Κλεος, Κυδος, Ευχος, Τιμη, Φατις, Δοξα, diss. Munich ’38; AVermeulen, Semantic Development of Gloria in Early-Christian Latin ’56.—RAC IV 210–16; XI 196–225.—B. 1144f. DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. II p. 291. Schmidt, Syn. I 321–28, s. δοκέω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δόξα

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